Common Toxic Garden & Naturalised Plants in Australia — A Quick Reference澳洲常见庭园与归化有毒植物速查

Oleander夹竹桃Nerium oleander

Identification: 怎么认：Evergreen shrub to small tree with narrow, leathery leaves in whorls of three; pink, white or red five-petalled flowers; sap oozes when broken. Extremely common as a street and garden plant in Australia, drought-tolerant.常绿灌木至小乔木，叶三枚轮生、狭长革质；花粉红、白或红，五瓣；折断处有乳汁。澳洲极常见的行道与庭园植物，耐旱。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The entire plant is highly toxic, containing oleandrin and related compounds. This is the single most important plant to remember on this list. A small amount of leaf can cause severe poisoning; smoke from burning the branches is toxic, so do not burn prunings; never use its branches as skewers for cooking food.全株剧毒，含欧夹竹桃苷等。本表最须记住的一种。少量叶片即可致严重中毒；焚烧枝叶的烟雾有毒，修剪后不可焚烧；不可用其枝条串食物烧烤。

Yellow Oleander黄花夹竹桃Cascabela thevetia

Identification: 怎么认：Small tree with yellow, funnel-shaped flowers and nut-like fruit; abundant sap.小乔木，花黄色漏斗状，果核状；乳汁丰富。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The seed is the most toxic part. It resembles a nut, giving it a high risk of accidental ingestion by children.种子毒性最强。种子形似坚果，儿童误食风险高。

Tropical Milkweed马利筋Asclepias curassavica

Identification: 怎么认：Herbaceous plant with orange-and-yellow flowers; follicles split open to release seeds with white silky hairs; white sap when broken.草本，花橙红与黄双色，蓇葖果开裂放出白色冠毛种子；折断有白色乳汁。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The whole plant is toxic, especially the sap. Common in wildflower gardens and butterfly gardens; sap in the eyes can cause corneal damage.全株，乳汁尤甚。常见野花与蝶园植物；乳汁入眼可致角膜损伤。

Foxglove毛地黄Digitalis purpurea

Identification: 怎么认：Tall herbaceous plant with drooping, bell-shaped, spotted flowers arranged in spikes.高大草本，花冠钟形下垂、内有斑点，成穗排列。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The whole plant is toxic, especially the leaves. A garden ornamental; its leaves have been mistaken for edible comfrey leaves.全株，叶尤甚。花园观赏；叶曾被误认作紫草科可食叶片。

Lily of the Valley铃兰Convallaria majalis

Identification: 怎么认：Low herbaceous plant with broad basal leaves; small white bell-shaped flowers hang in a string; red berries in autumn.低矮草本，叶阔而基生，白色钟形小花下垂成串，秋结红果。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The whole plant is toxic; the red berries pose a particular risk to children. Grown as an ornamental.全株，红果对儿童尤险。观赏栽培。

Thorn Apple / Jimsonweed曼陀罗属Datura spp. (e.g. D. stramonium)

Identification: 怎么认：Annual herb with large, upward-facing, funnel-shaped flowers; the capsule is covered in stiff spines, hence the common name "thorn apple".一年生草本，花大而漏斗状、直立向上；蒴果密生硬刺，俗称"刺苹果"。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The whole plant is toxic, the seeds most of all. A widely naturalised roadside weed in Australia; poisoning usually occurs when the seeds are mistaken for edible seeds, or when infusions made from the plant are ingested.全株，种子最毒。澳洲广泛归化的路边杂草；误食多因把种子当作可食种子，或误饮其泡制物。

Angel's Trumpet木曼陀罗Brugmansia spp.

Identification: 怎么认：Shrub to small tree with large, hanging, trumpet-shaped and strongly fragrant flowers, hence the common name "Angel's Trumpet".灌木至小乔木，花大而下垂如喇叭，香气浓，俗称"天使的号角"。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The whole plant is toxic. A common garden ornamental; its fragrance and beauty lead people to underestimate its toxicity; poisoning has occurred from people picking the flowers to brew as a drink.全株。庭园常见观赏植物；其香气与美观使人低估其毒性；有因自行采花泡饮致中毒者。

Deadly Nightshade & Henbane颠茄类Atropa, Hyoscyamus, etc.

Identification: 怎么认：Herbaceous plants; fruit is a berry or capsule.草本，果为浆果或蒴果。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The whole plant is toxic. Less commonly encountered, but contains the same class of compounds.全株。较少见，但成分同类。

Cherry Laurel樱桃月桂Prunus laurocerasus

Identification: 怎么认：Evergreen shrub with large, glossy, leathery leaves that smell of almonds when crushed — this scent is a useful clue.常绿灌木，叶大而革质有光泽，揉之有杏仁味——此气味即线索。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Leaves and seed kernels. Commonly grown as a hedge.叶与种仁。常作绿篱。

Hydrangea绣球（八仙花）Hydrangea spp.

Identification: 怎么认：Shrub with large, ball-shaped or flat-topped flower clusters in blue, pink or white.灌木，花序大而球状或伞状，蓝、粉、白。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Leaves and buds. An extremely common garden shrub; poisoning is usually seen in children who chew on it.叶、芽。极常见庭园花木；中毒多见于儿童啃咬。

Stone Fruit Kernels核果类的种仁Apricot, peach, cherry, apple seeds

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The toxic part is the seed kernel, not the flesh. The fruit flesh poses no issue; the concern is eating large amounts of kernels such as "bitter apricot kernels" as a food item.有毒部分是种仁，非果肉。果肉无此问题；须防的是"苦杏仁"一类的种仁被当作食品大量食用。

Cassava (Raw)木薯（生）

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Properly processed cassava products carry no such risk; eating it raw is high-risk.经充分加工的木薯制品无此风险，生食风险高。

Dumb Cane黛粉叶（花叶万年青）Dieffenbachia

Identification: 怎么认：Large-leaved foliage plant with milky-white variegation on the leaves.大型观叶，叶面有乳白斑纹。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Its common name "dumb cane" comes from the throat swelling and temporary loss of speech that follows accidental ingestion.英文俗名 dumb cane，即得名于误食后咽喉肿胀致失声。

Devil's Ivy / Pothos绿萝Epipremnum aureum

Identification: 怎么认：Climbing vine with heart-shaped leaves marked with yellow patches.攀援藤本，心形叶带黄斑。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：One of the most common indoor plants.最常见的室内植物之一。

Swiss Cheese Plant龟背竹Monstera deliciosa

Identification: 怎么认：Large leaves with distinctive holes and deep splits.大型叶具孔洞与深裂。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The ripe fruit is edible, but unripe fruit is intensely irritating — ripeness is the key dividing line here.其果实成熟后可食，未熟者刺激极强——这是一处成熟度分界。

Philodendron喜林芋Philodendron spp.

Identification: 怎么认：Various indoor foliage species, sharing the same mechanism as Dumb Cane and Devil's Ivy above.多种室内观叶，机制同上，可与黛粉叶、绿萝互见。

Calla Lily马蹄莲Zantedeschia

Identification: 怎么认：White or coloured spathe with a distinctive flower shape.佛焰苞白色或彩色，花形独特。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Common in gardens and as a cut flower.庭园与切花常见。

Taro芋Colocasia esculenta

Identification: 怎么认：Large shield-shaped leaves; the corm is edible.大型盾状叶，块茎可食。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The corm must be thoroughly cooked before eating; eating it raw or undercooked causes intense irritation. Elephant ear is in the same family and shares the same mechanism.块茎须充分加热方可食；生食或加热不足会剧烈刺激。白斑芋为同科，机制相同。

Pencil Cactus / Firestick Plant绿玉树（光棍树）Euphorbia tirucalli

Identification: 怎么认：Leafless, with cylindrical green branches resembling coral.无叶，枝条圆柱形绿色，形似珊瑚。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The sap contains phorbol esters, a potent irritant and tumour promoter; contact with the eyes can cause serious damage.乳汁含佛波酯类，为强刺激剂与肿瘤促进剂；入眼可致严重损伤。

Crown of Thorns铁海棠（虎刺梅）Euphorbia milii

Identification: 怎么认：Thorny, with small flowers surrounded by red bracts.多刺，小花具红色苞片。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：A common potted plant; presents a double risk of thorn injury plus sap exposure.常见盆栽；刺伤加乳汁接触，双重风险。

Poinsettia一品红Euphorbia pulcherrima

Identification: 怎么认：Common at Christmas; the red "petals" are actually bracts.圣诞常见，红色"花瓣"实为苞片。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The toxicity of this species has traditionally been overstated. Ingestion usually causes only mild gastrointestinal upset and mouth irritation, with severe outcomes being rare; however, the sap can still irritate skin and eyes.本种的毒性历来被夸大。误食通常只致轻度胃肠不适与口周刺激，罕见严重后果；但乳汁仍可致皮肤与眼刺激。

Succulent Euphorbias麒麟掌等多肉大戟属

Identification: 怎么认：Various species, fleshy with ridges.多种，肉质具棱。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Shares the same sap-related risk as other members of this group.乳汁通性相同。

Stinging Tree / Gympie Gympie火麻树（澳洲蜇人树）Dendrocnide spp.

Identification: 怎么认：Large heart-shaped, toothed leaves covered densely in fine hairs on the leaf surface and stalk; found in rainforest and along forest edges.叶大而心形、边缘具齿，叶面与叶柄密生细毛；雨林与林缘。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Australia's most notorious stinging plant. The hairs contain a neurotoxic peptide; the sting causes intense pain that can last from days to weeks, and can flare up again with contact with water or touch. Management: do not rub the area or rinse with water (this drives the hairs in deeper); the standard approach is to remove surface hairs with hair-removal wax strips or adhesive tape, then seek medical attention.澳洲最著名的蜇人植物。其毛含神经毒性肽，蜇伤剧痛可持续数日至数周，遇水或触碰会再度发作。处置：不可搓揉、不可用水冲（会使毛断入更深）；通行做法是以脱毛蜡带或胶带粘除表面毛，随后就医。

Castor Oil Plant蓖麻Ricinus communis

Identification: 怎么认：Tall herb to shrub with large palmate leaves; capsules covered in soft spines; seeds mottled like a tick.高大草本至灌木，掌状大叶，蒴果具软刺，种子有花斑如蜱。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：A widely naturalised roadside weed in Australia. The seeds contain ricin; chewing just a few seeds can be fatal, though swallowing them whole is much less toxic.澳洲广泛归化的路边杂草。种子含蓖麻毒素，嚼碎数粒即可致命；整粒吞下毒性较低。

Lantana马缨丹Lantana camara

Identification: 怎么认：Shrub with mixed-colour flower heads (yellow, orange and pink in the same cluster), strong smell when crushed; black berries.灌木，头状花序色彩混杂（黄橙粉红同序），揉之气味强烈；黑色浆果。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：A major invasive weed in Australia. Unripe green berries are toxic to children; livestock that graze on it can suffer liver damage and photosensitisation.澳洲重大入侵杂草。未熟青果对儿童有毒；牲畜采食致肝损伤与光敏。

English Ivy常春藤Hedera helix

Identification: 怎么认：Climbing plant with palmately lobed leaves.攀援，叶掌状裂。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The sap can cause contact dermatitis; ingesting the berries causes gastrointestinal upset.汁液可致接触性皮炎；浆果误食致胃肠不适。

Poison Ivy / Poison Oak毒漆藤类Toxicodendron spp.

Identification: 怎么认：Usually compound leaves with three leaflets. Uncommon in Australia.复叶三小叶为多。澳洲少见。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Cross-reactive allergen with Grevillea (silky oak).与银桦属交叉致敏。

Yew红豆杉Taxus spp.

Identification: 怎么认：The entire plant is toxic (taxine alkaloids), except for the red fleshy aril.除红色假种皮外全株有毒（紫杉碱）。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The red aril itself is edible, but the seed inside it is toxic — this is a distinction that is very easy to get wrong.假种皮可食而其中的种子有毒——这是一处极易出错的部位分界。

Golden Chain Tree金链花Laburnum

Identification: 怎么认：The whole plant is toxic, especially the seeds (cytisine); the pods resemble pea pods.全株，尤种子（金雀花碱）。荚果形似豆荚。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：High risk of accidental ingestion by children.儿童误食风险高。

Wisteria紫藤Wisteria

Identification: 怎么认：Seeds and pods.种子与荚。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：A common plant grown on trellises and arbours.常见棚架植物。

Rhododendron / Azalea杜鹃／映山红类Rhododendron, Azalea

Identification: 怎么认：The whole plant is toxic (grayanotoxins).全株（木藜芦毒素）。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Its nectar is also toxic, giving rise to the term "mad honey".其花蜜亦含毒，所谓"疯蜜"。

Daffodil水仙属Narcissus

Identification: 怎么认：The bulb (containing lycorine alkaloids).鳞茎（石蒜碱类）。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：The bulb resembles an onion or shallot; mistaking it for food is the most common cause of poisoning.鳞茎形似洋葱或小葱头，误当食材是最常见的中毒情形。

Tulip郁金香属Tulipa (and hyacinth bulbs)

Identification: 怎么认：The bulb.鳞茎。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Mistaking it for food is a common scenario; it can also cause contact dermatitis.误当食材是常见情形；另可致接触性皮炎。

Black Nightshade龙葵类Solanum nigrum and related species

Identification: 怎么认：Unripe fruit (steroidal glycoalkaloids).未熟果（甾体糖生物碱）。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Same genus as Kangaroo Apple — the dividing line is likewise ripeness.与袋鼠苹果同属同类——分界同样在成熟度。

Green or Sprouting Potato马铃薯的绿色部分与发芽处

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Solanine. One of the most common sources of household food poisoning; green or sprouting areas should be cut away.龙葵碱。最常见的家庭食物中毒源之一；发绿或发芽处应削去。

Rosary Pea相思子Abrus precatorius

Identification: 怎么认：The seed (abrin).种子（相思子毒蛋白）。

Toxic Part / Note: 哪部分有毒／提示：Its seeds are commonly used in handicrafts and jewellery — this is the most practical risk for children.其种子常见于手工艺品与首饰——这是最实际的儿童风险。