王孟英出身医学世家，其曾祖王学权亦精于医道，家学渊源深厚。他生活的年代正值霍乱等疫病多次流行，临证经验丰富，撰成《温热经纬》，以张仲景、叶天士等前贤理论为「经」，以历代医家阐发为「纬」，系统整合温病学说，是温病学理论集大成之作，后世将他列为「温病四大家」殿军。

Wang Mengying came from a family with a long medical tradition — his great-grandfather Wang Xuequan was himself a noted physician. Practicing during a period marked by repeated cholera and other epidemic outbreaks, he accumulated extensive clinical experience and compiled the Warp and Weft of Warm-Heat Disease, using the theories of Zhang Zhongjing and Ye Tianshi as the structural "warp" and the elaborations of later physicians as the "weft" to systematically integrate Warm Disease theory. The work is regarded as the culminating synthesis of the school, and he is counted as the last of the "Four Great Masters of Warm Disease."