屠呦呦，浙江宁波人，药学家，毕业于北京大学医学院药学系。20世纪60年代，在氯喹类抗疟药物普遍失效、疟疾肆虐的背景下，她于1969年以中医研究院（现中国中医科学院）中药研究所科研组组长的身份加入国家「523」抗疟药物研究项目，带领团队查阅整理大量古代医方与民间验方，从中筛选出出现频率较高的抗疟中草药，历经反复试验后成功提取出抗疟有效成分青蒿素，随后又发现疗效更优的衍生物双氢青蒿素。以青蒿素类药物为基础的联合疗法至今仍是世界卫生组织推荐的疟疾标准治疗方案，据估计已挽救全球数百万疟疾患者的生命。她现为中国中医科学院终身研究员兼首席研究员、青蒿素研究中心主任，2011年获拉斯克临床医学研究奖，2015年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，是中国首位获得诺贝尔科学奖项的科学家，2019年获授「共和国勋章」。

Tu Youyou, born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, is a pharmaceutical chemist who graduated from the Department of Pharmacy at the Medical School of Peking University. In the 1960s, as chloroquine-based antimalarial drugs were increasingly failing and malaria continued to devastate populations, she joined the national "Project 523" antimalarial research program in 1969 as head of a research group at the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, part of the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (now the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences). Leading her team through an extensive review of classical medical formulas and folk remedies, she identified herbs with the highest reported frequency of antimalarial use, and after repeated experimentation successfully isolated the active antimalarial compound artemisinin, later discovering the even more effective derivative dihydroartemisinin. Combination therapies based on artemisinin remain the World Health Organization's recommended standard treatment for malaria today, and are estimated to have saved millions of lives worldwide. She currently serves as Chief Scientist and Lifetime Researcher at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Director of its Artemisinin Research Center. She received the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 2011 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015, becoming the first Chinese scientist to receive a Nobel Prize in the sciences, and was awarded the Medal of the Republic in 2019.

出处：新华网「屠呦呦为何能获诺奖？」；中国中医科学院官网「屠呦呦研究员荣获『共和国勋章』」专题；百度百科「屠呦呦」条目；中华人民共和国司法部官网人物介绍。

Sources: Xinhua News Agency feature on Tu Youyou's Nobel Prize; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences official tribute page; Baidu Baike entry "屠呦呦"; Ministry of Justice of the PRC biographical profile.